Economics. Management. Innovations

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SERVICE SECTOR ENTERPRISES AND KEY APPROACHES TO ITS IMPROVEMENT

Viktoriia Burtovska — 2024-12-09

The article analyzes the interpretation of the concept of "competition" by various authors. It has been found that this concept currently does not fully meet the criteria of systematization and comprehensiveness, which makes it difficult to definitively determine whether competition is a process, a state, an aspiration, or another category. It has been proven that many existing definitions do not encompass competition as a phenomenon inherent not only to economic but also to social, production, and even biological systems. The conducted research has shown that it is advisable to study the relationship between competitiveness at the country level, individual enterprises, and specific products, as competitiveness is a synthesis of many economic categories.

It has been proven that managing the competitiveness of an enterprise is a specific aspect of enterprise management, the goal of which is to form, develop, and realize competitive advantages and ensure the viability of the enterprise as a subject of higher-level economic competition. To manage the level of competitiveness, the enterprise must create a system of measures that will significantly influence the level of competitiveness to bring it to an optimal or desired state and maintain this state in the future.

The article presents the results of a PEST analysis of the studied enterprise, identifying factors that have a positive and negative impact on the cleaning services market in Zhytomyr and the company LLC "KlinMarket" in particular.

The analysis of the competitive environment showed that LLC " KlinMarket" does not lag behind its competitors in all compared characteristics.

The article contains recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of LLC " KlinMarket" namely: choosing a differentiation strategy, focusing on internet presence, implementing innovations, and paying attention to human resources, as the company experiences staff turnover.

To improve the competitiveness management system, it is necessary to introduce effective tools for market and competitor analysis, optimize internal processes, and promote personnel development. This will allow the company to quickly respond to market changes and maintain competitive advantages.

DIAGNOSTICS OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Maryna Vuychenko — 2024-12-09

The article notes that in the conditions of war in which our country is currently located, an important issue is the development of measures to regulate objective processes in the labor market caused by the departure of a significant number of qualified specialists abroad, the movement of the employed population from region to region, and the mobilization of a significant part of the economically active population. The article indicates that within the framework of this problem, the main task is to improve the interaction between the central government and local government bodies, taking into account the real state of the military, economic, demographic, social, political, and humanitarian situation. It is necessary to significantly expand the powers of territorial communities in all spheres of public life. Management by peaceful methods during war is impossible. This is especially relevant, since the administrative and territorial reform has not yet been completed and is closely related to the results of hostilities. The article notes that the war has imposed new requirements on the style of personnel management. The main thing is to preserve labor capital and increase the efficiency of employees. The management system should be flexible and economically justified and legally impeccable. This approach assumes a certain freedom of decisions and actions of managers. A state of emergency allows for extraordinary organizational measures, in particular in the field of logistics of goods and services. The article notes that the regulatory documents that we have already analyzed emphasize that during martial law, the freedom of decisions and actions for managers of organizations may be limited. The instability of the political and economic situation can lead to a disruption of investment in production and the supply of products and spare parts, as well as electricity, which in turn can increase the risk of injuries, violations of labor discipline, and staff turnover. Preservation of labor potential is a priority for every manager. For this, it is necessary to use various forms and means of stimulating personnel. Management practice has developed such forms of employee encouragement as mutual support and cooperation, material and moral incentives, training and development, advanced training, and prospects for professional and career growth.

MODELING OF FRANCHISE PAYMENTS IN THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS: ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ASPECT

Valentyna Ivanenko — 2024-12-09

The article discusses franchising as an effective business model of restaurant business. The state and development of the franchise market in the world and in Ukraine is analyzed. The advantages of running a restaurant business under franchise conditions are given. It has been established that three main options for calculating the use of a franchise can be distinguished: payment of only a one-time lump sum as the price for the right to join the restaurant chain; systematic payment during the term of the contract in the form of a royalty at a fixed rate or as a certain percentage of the franchisee's turnover; combined payment, which includes a one-time payment at the beginning of the contract for connecting to the franchisor's corporate network and regular royalties during the contract period. It has been proven that franchise payments for both the franchisee and the franchisor are accounting objects, and for the franchisee they are the main expenses that form the tax base. Proposals are made regarding the method of accounting for franchise payments in the franchisee, depending on whether the cost of the franchise is known or not and on the method of making franchise payments. Variants of the moment of payment of franchise payments have been identified (at the beginning of the contract, periodically during the contract and at the end of the contract), which have different effects on the accounting of franchising operations, as well as on the formation of the tax base, which makes it possible to predict the outcome of the decision in the future. In order to determine the impact of franchise payments on taxation and accounting, their accounting was modeled, taking into account such factors as information on the fixation of the franchise value and the method of payment of the lump sum. Summarized results of modeling the influence of factor ratios on the tax burden and economic indicators of the franchisee's activity are given, taking into account the time factor.

PRICE AND ITS ROLE IN THE MARKETING MIX

Olena Kalinichenko — 2024-12-09

The article considers the main objectives of marketing pricing policy. It is found that by properly developing marketing pricing policy, companies can form their strategic direction, establish relationships with consumers and improve the conditions for the sale of goods, which is an important part of the marketing-mix complex in the marketing management system. Price in the market economy is of key importance, because it is not only a means of exchange, but also an important mechanism affecting the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services. In the article on the basis of a number of works of domestic and foreign economists, as well as a number of legislative acts in force in our country, the definition of the concept of ‘price’ is given. It is determined that the price affects both the volume of product sales in the domestic and foreign markets and the level of profitability of the firm. It is found out that the main objectives of the firm in the context of pricing are to increase market share, strengthen financial condition, positioning of its products, sales promotion and influence on the behaviour of competitors. Firms may use pricing to realise individual objectives, such as keeping prices low to deter new competitors or to set prices in line with competitors' prices to ensure market stabilisation. Pricing can be used as a tool to maintain brand loyalty, to maintain business relationships with resellers, or as a measure to counter government regulation Prices can be temporarily reduced to promote a product or to attract new customers. Pricing for certain types of goods may be designed to stimulate sales of other goods within the same product mix, using it as a strategy to achieve the firm's long-term goals. It is proved, in marketing, pricing depends on the interaction of three subjects: seller, buyer and competitor, so special attention is paid to the analysis of external factors. The role of factor analysis in the development of marketing pricing policy comes down to the fact that the set price should recover costs and reflect the usefulness of the product or service for the consumer, as well as take into account the competitive situation in the market. Selecting and developing a pricing policy for a company is a complex and comprehensive process that requires an analytical approach, in-depth knowledge of the market situation and flexibility in decision-making. Pricing should be an integrated part of the overall business strategy to achieve long-term goals. In this article, we will look at the pricing process, which consists of six steps, each with its own unique purpose and importance. In a market economy, pricing strategy becomes one of the key factors in a company's success. Free competition confirms that every entrepreneur seeks to maximise their profits. In addition to increasing production volumes and entering new markets, an important task is to reduce the costs of production and sales.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY: SINGO MODEL

Kateryna Kashchuk — 2024-12-09

The article examines and summarizes information about the work and effectiveness of the model of Japanese scientific engineer Shigeo Shingo (1909–1990) Questions regarding the prerequisites for its emergence, development, and implementation in the management of Japanese enterprises and companies are addressed, as well as the potential application of this model in Ukrainian enterprises. The value system at enterprises is analyzed in the context of the Shingo model and its role in the involvement of employees in the process of transformation of production. The Shingo model is used to analyze the role of employees in the process of transformation of production. In the present circumstances of the transition of Ukrainian enterprises to a highly volatile stage of development, the significance of the subject matter is undeniable.

Value orientations and authentic models of employee behavior of developing enterprises become topical in the context of the need to move towards high productivity. It is therefore important to assess the degree of readiness of the economy for the transformation process, its ability to adapt to changes, and its potential speed of introduction of technologies and innovations. In this work, the effective structure of the production transformation process and the individual elements of the transformation are indicated. It is demonstrated the impact of innovative methods and methods of transformation on the speed of growth and development of productivity at enterprises. The material presented in the article encompasses significant aspects of the fundamental essence of the innovative nature of development based on the Shingo model.

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF UNDERGROUND PARKING PROJECTS IN HIGHLY URBANIZED AREAS

Oleksii Kofanov — 2024-12-09

The paper studies the global experience concerning the benefits and potential negative consequences, environmental risks to human health, etc. of underground parking projects in highly urbanized areas. It is noted that, on the one hand, the construction of parking lots and other underground facilities of urban road transport infrastructure makes it possible to free up ground space from parking lots, prevent traffic congestion and preserve green spaces, squares and parks of the city, but, on the other hand, due to excessive emissions of pollutants from engine exhaust gases, imperfect ventilation systems, and the harmful effects of noise and vibration, the design and construction of underground parking lots, especially under high-rise apartment buildings or within urban areas, entails additional environmental risks, not only for the health of people living in these buildings or working in parking lots but also for the environment. In this regard, the authors propose a methodology for scientific substantiation of environmental friendliness, economic feasibility, and compliance of such projects with sustainable development goals based on T. L. Saaty’s analytic hierarchy process. The authors developed a hierarchical criteria system to implement this approach and created a unique program that was accomplished and visualized in the RStudio environment using the R programming language. With the help of a multi-criteria approach, in accordance with the analyzed criteria and priorities provided by experts, on the example of a model underground parking project located in the center of a large city, the environmental friendliness and economic feasibility of the project, as well as its compliance with the goals of sustainable development of road transport infrastructure in highly urbanized areas, have been scientifically proven.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

Iryna Mosiichuk — 2024-12-09

The article explores relevant issues regarding the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the processes of globalization and the integration of the world economy. The author analyzes the activities of TNCs as key players on the global economic stage, focusing on their impact on global trade flows, economic dynamics, and the development of countries. TNCs produce goods and services on an international level, make significant investments, and contribute to the spread of advanced technologies, increasing competition and integrating global markets. The article also notes that globalization is an objective circumstance in the development of the modern economy, which is accompanied by the growing interdependence of countries. The role of TNCs in creating international production and providing access to skilled labor resources, as well as their influence on scientific and technological progress, is separately examined. It is determined that TNCs often become a driving force of globalization as they stimulate the development of international trade and investment, spread advanced technologies, and improve productivity across various markets. The main classifications of TNCs are analyzed according to industry, geographic, size, and market criteria, helping to better understand their structures and strategic orientations. In addition, the main directions of TNC activities, such as production, trade, and investment, are studied, making them the primary drivers of economic globalism. The article draws attention to the interaction of TNCs with local markets and their impact on local economies, particularly through investment projects, job creation, and infrastructure development. It is emphasized that TNCs are important factors in economic growth and improving resource efficiency in various regions of the world. Special attention is paid to how the activities of TNCs contribute to the dissemination of advanced management practices and technologies, which allows for increased labor productivity and the development of human capital in host countries. The article also considers the challenges related to the activities of TNCs, such as mergers and acquisitions, which can lead to market monopolization and unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization. The influence of TNCs on international relations and the regulation of economic activity is examined, requiring national governments to develop effective strategies to attract foreign investment and minimize potential risks. Overall, the article highlights the essence of TNCs as important participants in the process of economic globalization, emphasizing their ability to adapt to global challenges while also shaping new directions for the development of the world economy.

MODERN CONCEPTS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT

Iryna Poita — 2024-12-09

The article analyzes and summarizes the theoretical foundations of modern concepts of marketing management in enterprises, considering the latest management trends. Recent scientific studies on the implementation of marketing management systems in Ukrainian enterprises are reviewed. The necessity of understanding the sequence of the marketing management process in modern Ukrainian companies is identified. The article explores current interpretations of the term "marketing management" and separately analyzes the concepts of "marketing" and "management" for a deeper understanding of the essence of "marketing management." It confirms that the marketing management system is the foundation of a company's effective operations, impacting its competitiveness and determining directions for further development.

A detailed analysis of modern marketing management concepts is conducted, including "customer orientation," "digital marketing," "content marketing," "omnichannel marketing," "influencer marketing," and "green marketing." The article also identifies contemporary tools and principles for their application in marketing management as methods and means of management within the enterprise. The main elements of the enterprise's marketing management system are examined, and the interconnection between management, marketing, and marketing management functions in the enterprise's business activities is established. It is demonstrated that the application of marketing management today facilitates the realization of internal reserves for enterprise growth and development and simplifies the organizational structure. Furthermore, it confirms that the marketing management system is the foundation for efficient operation, impacting competitiveness, efficiency, and setting the strategic directions for development under current economic conditions.

PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS REALIZATION: FROM SOCIOAL EXPERIENCE TO PRESENT PRACTIC

Evgeny Siry — 2024-12-09

The material is devoted to the problems of professional certainty of young people and the possibilities of their professional self-realization. The article clarifies professional self-determination as a complex, multi-stage process of development of a young person. It integrally reflects a person's personal and social self-determination. It is shown that professional self-determination is a complex phenomenon, the vectors of which change under different conditions. It is shown that professional self-determination is a complex phenomenon, the vectors of development of which change under different conditions, depending on various systemic and situational social and institutional factors. A decisive role in professional choice is given to education, to which, accordingly, the question of its content is raised. Taking into account the social experience of researching this issue, the material presents an analysis of key research schools, the experience of which illuminates the relevant scientific picture of the content of professional certainty and its implementation. It is shown that in Ukraine, since the years of the USSR, a certain legacy of professional determination has been formed, according to which, without proper higher education, after graduating from high school in the professional field, young people have the minimal opportunity to realize themselves. It is shown that professional self-realization and professional self-determination are always in a dialectical relationship. This is confirmed - both from social experience and from the conclusions of the relevant research schools, which from their own positions investigated this "dialectical" problem. It is shown that professional self-realization and professional self-determination are always in a dialectical relationship for the same reasons - the influence of different configurations of various factors of a systemic and situational nature. Self-realization in the profession is also a socio-cultural phenomenon that is closely related to a specific social situation under certain circumstances (time, place, conditions) and has an individual character. The main point of this process is the search for a professional image of "myself". These provisions in the system of regulation of the youth employment market should be taken into account in the position of the formation of the tool and the method of its self-organization, not a direct organization in its development.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A DIRECTION OF DIAGNOSTICS OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MARTIAL

Maryna Vuychenko — 2024-12-09

The article notes that the extremely difficult conditions in which our country currently finds itself have a negative impact on all spheres of society. The most valuable resource is the human one. The war prompted a significant part of the economically active population to leave abroad, many employees of enterprises were forced to leave their permanent place of work due to the occupation of territories, a large proportion of former qualified workers became defenders of the country. Under such conditions, an extremely important issue is the development of measures to support the activities of both large and small enterprises, because timely paid taxes are the key to the country's stability in war conditions. The article substantiates that in a general sense, human resource management is a complex process that combines economic, social, psychological, demographic and other tools and factors of reproduction, advanced training and influence on the labor behavior of employees in order to increase labor efficiency. This requires management to take a systematic approach to the use of human capital. At the same time, the effectiveness of the use of labor potential is manifested in three areas: practical activity, the employee's orientation to meeting his own needs and orientation to the future of the enterprise. Personnel management is at the center of organizational management.

The article notes that the literature considers four levels of personnel management (human capital): political - personnel policy of the state; strategic - labor resources management; tactical - actual personnel management of the industry and enterprise, operational - direct work with personnel. It is emphasized that personnel management methods are divided into: economic (forecast and planning of personnel work, formation of labor resources and sources of their provision); organizational and administrative (establishment of organizational ties, legal provisions and norms); socio-psychological (specific means of influencing the process of formation and development of the labor collective and individual employees); state and administrative (regulation of the movement of labor resources, labor market at the state and regional levels).

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LVIV RESTAURANTS: IMPACT ON SERVICE AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE

Mariya Fil — 2024-12-09

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the restaurant business in Lviv faces several significant challenges that require a comprehensive approach to solving them. One of the main challenges is the technical integration of AI into existing restaurant processes. Restaurants must adapt their operating systems to the latest technologies, which require updating software and creating an infrastructure for data processing. The main technological innovations implemented in Lviv restaurants can be divided into several categories: 1. Self-service systems. An example is: McDonald's (selected establishments) - interactive terminals for self-ordering and payment, which significantly speed up the service process and allow you to avoid queues during peak hours. 2. Mobile applications for ordering. Lviv Croissants - a chain of establishments that allows you to order products through the application and pick them up without waiting. Sushi delivery is also known as an application, for example, Osama sushi. In addition to the application, there may also be a website of the establishment, such as Pizza Celentano, Smaki maki, La Piets. 3. Smart queue management systems. Family restaurant "Crazy Town" (Victoria Gardens Shopping Center) - uses a table reservation and queue management system via a mobile application. Table reservations, but via a chat bot, can also be made at the "Hot Bowl" establishment. 4. Automation of food preparation. Salalat - a healthy food establishment where the salad preparation process is automated for faster customer service, including in the take-away format. 6. Order personalization technologies. Premium restaurants in Lviv, such as Park.

However, the study also found that the integration of AI requires competent staff training and proper adaptation of technologies to the specifics of the market and consumers. The human factor remains critically important in ensuring a positive customer experience, so the harmonious combination of AI with traditional service methods is key.

METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF UKRAINE’S STATE INFORMATION POLICY

Oleksandr Butyrsky — 2024-12-09

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the state information policy’s methodological foundations of in Ukraine. It also analyzes current scientific probles. It consists in the state policy’s scientific substantiation of the methodological foundations in the sphere of mass communication in the conditions of social changes in Ukraine. It is substantiated that the improvement of the state information policy in the process of its development and implementation requires taking into account the national cultural identity of the national information space. Without preserving national cultural identity, the integrity and independence of the nation-state become problematic. It was clearly confirmed by the events in Crimea and eastern Ukraine, which escalated into a full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war. It becomes obvious, that without taking into account the cosmopolitan trends of the information society and global culture, there is a threat of the national information space isolation. All of these can cause the displacement to the periphery of the socio-political and economic life of the modern world.

At the stage of information warfare the most important task is to use the capabilities of the mass media to mislead a potential enemy, discredit its military-political leadership and leaders, and limit the enemy apos. The same must be done with information and propaganda activities, up to and including organizing an information blockade. A comprehensive analysis of the mass media activities during election campaigns in Ukraine has demonstrated the need for the legislator to define clearly the requirements for the general principles of information support for the electoral process. Without clear criteria for "impartiality", "balance", "completeness" and other concepts, the assessment of election coverage turns into an assessment of the methods used to measure the information activities of the mass media during elections in Ukraine. It has been established that ensuring the right to receive public information from state authorities and other managers of public information is a key principle of state policy. This policy is aimed at increasing the level of transparency and openness of the state activities and local self-government. It also prevents corruption, public participation in state administration and decision-making. These measures require a comprehensive analysis of the latest vectors of the state's information policy implementation, the principles and instruments of ensuring the right of access to public information, (defined by the Law of Ukraine "On Access to Public Information"), and the search for effective mechanisms for its practical implementation.

PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR IN THE EFFICIENCY OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION

Nataliia Vasiuk — 2024-12-09

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the personnel management system in a medical institution (based on the example of the "Primary Health Care Center No. 2" of the Sviatoshynskyi District in Kyiv) and provides practical recommendations for improving management processes to enhance the productivity of the medical institution and the quality of healthcare services.

The problems of the medical institution have been identified, including understaffing of the facility; a low level of staffing with medical positions (mainly in specialized fields); the absence of personnel planning, employee evaluation, career planning, and the development of a personnel reserve, as well as a lack of on-the-job training; a formalized approach to recruitment and dismissal procedures; lack of automation in personnel management functions; inefficiency in the structure of the HR department, outdated name of this unit; insufficient attention to developing an effective employee motivation system, and other issues.

The article proposes measures to improve the personnel management system at the "Primary Health Care Center No. 2" of the Sviatoshynskyi District in Kyiv. The implementation of these measures aims to enhance the personnel management system and is focused on improving the performance of medical staff, the quality of healthcare services, reducing staff turnover, and improving the image and competitiveness of the medical institution.

In order to improve personnel management at the "Primary Health Care Center No. 2" of the Sviatoshynskyi District in Kyiv, the article highlights the following key strategic directions to be achieved in the implementation of the Personnel Security Strategy: activation of motivational mechanisms; enhancement of the training and development system for medical staff; and reorganization of the HR department.

MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION FOR OVERCOMING POVERTY AND IMPROVING THE STANDARD OF LIVING IN UKRAINE

Andriy Kupriychuk — 2024-12-09

The methods used by public administration to combat poverty and improve the quality of life for Ukrainians are thoroughly examined in this article. Standard of living is the most significant social category, which is one of the primary features of poverty as a social phenomenon. Its foundations include the consumer basket and the subsistence minimum; property potential as viewed through the lens of resource security; the poverty scale, which takes into account the efficacy of state social policy; and the poverty culture and subculture as markers of the poor's disconnection from societal norms and values. It is shown how crucial elements of public administration formation are to enhancing the channels of communication between the government and the populace.

It would most effectively support the growth of civil society. Furthermore, the theory of public administration views people as active participants in this administration when it comes to reducing poverty and improving the standard of living for the populace. In the practical dimension, it is explained that the tactics, initiatives, and resources employed by state authorities, local self-government entities, and public sector organizations to address the issue of poverty in society serve as public management tools for overcoming poverty.

The goal of these mechanisms is to improve the social and economic circumstances of the most vulnerable segments of society. Thus, they necessitate the collaboration of civil society, local self-government, and the state government. It was observed that the state should not take a disorganized approach to lowering or eliminating poverty. It must be targeted, intentional, and ideally preventive in order to enable the implementation of numerous projects and programs that will most effectively combat poverty. At the same time, the state's focus on creating favorable conditions for socially conscious businesses can and should be a key component of its strategy to combat poverty. The creation of mechanisms for the active interaction of state authorities, local self-government bodies, civil society, socially conscious business, and the scientific community is described as a crucial component of public administration in terms of eradicating poverty and improving the standard of living in post-war Ukrainian society.

Each of them is aimed at restoring the country’s economic potential, infrastructure on the affected territories, the creation of new jobs and effective social security mechanisms for the most vulnerable sections of the population.

THE STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL EDUCATION DURING THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL REVOLUTION (1917-1920): EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Vasyl Kupriychuk — 2024-12-09

The article provides a detailed analysis of the state policy implementation for the development of extracurricular education during the activity of Ukrainian Central Council, the Ukrainian State of the Hetmanate of Pavlo Skoropadskyi, the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic and their influence on the development of extra The role of Ukrainian governments, local authorities, public, cultural organizations, political parties, and trade unions in this process is revealed, which makes it possible to use the experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the post-war period in Ukraine.

It is noteworthy that the national educational system established during the liberation struggle of 1917-1920 was considered integral by the nation's leadership in order to eradicate illiteracy among the adult population and elevate its overall cultural standard. This was an integral part of the concept of humanitarian construction, which was developed by the Ukrainian Central Council and was consistently implemented by the Ukrainian State and the Directorate of the Ukrainian People's Republic of Ukraine. It was implemented, unlike school construction, with its own specific characteristics and implementation difficulties.

Their substance was reduced to the fact that the adult population was unable to detach from production for an extended period of time and sit at a desk for months or years in order to obtain an education. Therefore, the government officials faced an urgent task - to develop forms and methods of the state policy for the development of out-of-school education, which would provide an opportunity to receive elementary education in a short period of time. An analysis was conducted of the branching network of various evening schools, courses, and groups for the elimination of illiteracy, which did not have a clear organization of the internal educational process, but carried out the educational process according to different programs and plans. This, in most cases, led to the ineffectiveness of education.

Therefore, the Ukrainian government instructed departments of extracurricular education to develop new programs with uniform educational standards for different levels of extracurricular education, starting with the acquisition of primary literacy and ending with primary and secondary education. As per the new regulations, the training period for the illiterate populace was for a duration of three years. It is noteworthy that the distinctive feature of the Ukrainian authorities' effort to combat illiteracy during the liberation struggle of 1917-1920 was that this effort actively expanded to rural areas, and numerous state management structures and public organizations were extensively involved in its execution.

PRINCIPLES OF FORMULATING THE INFORMATION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A UNIFIED GOVERNANCE SYSTEM

Nataliia Likarchuk — 2024-12-09

The relevance of researching the principles underlying the European Union's information policy is driven by the transformation of the global communication paradigm, which is significantly altering not only information flows themselves but also the mechanisms for their regulation at the level of supranational unions. In the face of contemporary challenges associated with the growing influence of disinformation, cyber threats, and digital transformations, the EU’s information policy has become a key instrument for ensuring both the security of the information space and the harmonization of regulatory practices among member states. A deep understanding of the foundations of such policy formation allows researchers to identify its fundamental patterns and strategic imperatives, presenting scientific interest for further developments in this field. The article aims to identify and systematize the foundational principles that govern the process of shaping the European Union’s information policy as an integrated governance system.

The methodological framework of the study is grounded in an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates elements of political analysis, legal research, and digital sociology tools. The analytical method is based on a constructivist approach, which enables the examination of the EU's information policy as a dynamic socio-constructive phenomenon formed through the interaction of various political, institutional, and technological factors. The use of critical discourse analysis further facilitates the identification of latent ideological frameworks influencing the formation of a unified information policy.

The research has identified and systematized the core principles of the EU’s information policy, which include transparency, accountability, subsidiarity, integration, and the safeguarding of human rights. Each of these principles is considered a conceptual component that ensures the functioning of the EU's information space as a unified governance system. The study also reveals that the effectiveness of the information policy largely depends on member states' capacity to adapt their national approaches to the overarching European regulatory framework.

The conclusions indicate that the European Union’s information policy is a complex, multi-level process requiring the active engagement of all participants in the European political system. Adherence to established principles not only fosters unity and stability within the information environment but also strengthens trust in EU institutions, which is particularly crucial in the context of current geopolitical threats. Further research could focus on analyzing prospects for improving the EU’s information policy in light of emerging challenges facing the European community.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT ON HEALTHCARE STAFFING

Vadym Makarchuk — 2024-12-09

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the methodological principles of public policy development regarding human resources in the healthcare sector. It is noted that the majority of scientific works by domestic scientists are devoted to the study of public policy issues and management in the healthcare sector. All of them consider approaches to human resources policy and the competencies formation of healthcare managers.

It is proven that the result of the reform should be the creation of a national model of healthcare. It’s the activities and infrastructure will meet public needs and take into account the geographical, historical and cultural features of Ukraine. When developing and implementing reforms, it is necessary to take into account many regional features. Among them are the structure of morbidity, the material condition of medical and preventive institutions, the presence and characteristics of sports, medical and recreational facilities. We can’t forget the importance of population density, the state of the transport and logistics sector, climatic and natural conditions, and the ecological situation in the region.

It is noted that today in the healthcare system of Ukraine, data is not calculated. The justified need for managerial personnel is not determined as well. So there is no Methodology for calculating the needs for managerial personnel in the healthcare system. Accordingly, it is not possible to ensure an effective state order for the training of managerial personnel. A particularly important direction of the state personnel policy in the healthcare sector should be the training and maintenance of a high professional level of managerial personnel. We must consider the formation of an effective personnel reserve, as well as the use of the method of current personnel rotation at the central and regional levels.

To achieve the best results in reforming the national healthcare sector, the personnel policy should be prioritized not formally, but reasonably developed taking into account the real needs of the industry. The proper level of medical services depends on two criteria. The first one is the quality of medical personnel training at different stages. And the second one is the training of managers for the medical industry.

UKRAINE'S STATE POLICY ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Maksym Hayuk — 2024-12-09

The article looks at how Ukraine treats workers' health and safety. Occupational health and safety is a system of measures and means that are used by legal entities and people to make sure that working conditions are good enough to prevent threats to an employee's life and health while he is doing his job.

The essence and principles of state policy in the field of occupational safety and health have been explained. These principles include the importance of protecting the life and health of employees, the responsibility of the employer for creating safe and healthy working conditions, the need to keep production, technologies, and products safe and harmless, and the need to help enterprises create safe and harmless working conditions.

We need to solve occupational safety problems using programs from different parts of the country and around the world. We should also consider other things like science and technology, protecting the environment, protecting workers, and paying people who get hurt at work or get sick at work.

Creating safety rules for all businesses, no matter who owns them or what they do. Making sure workers are safe and healthy by changing how they work, considering their health and mental state. The government can help pay for safety measures, but only if it doesn't go against the rules.

It is said that occupational safety and health have a big impact on modern economic processes. Economic importance is measured by how well workers work, how much money they make from working, and how much they pay for injuries or illnesses that affect their health and safety.